Triggering Content Warning: Sexual Harassment, Emotional Abuse, and Sexual Abuse
There has been a lot of attention lately given to #metoo and #whyididntreport stories from victims of harassment and assault. There are repeat offenders in a lot of communities. They are often such integral parts of them that they are allowed to remain despite inappropriate behaviors. Long-time members of those communities learn to work around them, and one term used to describe them is missing stair. I have had multiple conversations lately with people who have trouble understanding how such a person could operate in a live action role playing community. Please read the excellent article by Maury Brown at nordiclarp.org titled 19 Truths about Harassment, Missing Stairs, and Safety in Larp Communities for more information about this issue and how to address it.
Some people who understand that this is a problem have great difficulty picturing how it might play out in their games. I’ve written something describing it fairly abstractly, and removing graphic or intimate details. It might still be triggering for sexual harassment and assault victims. For access to more real-life examples of how this sort of abuse happens right under your noses, you may want to visit Cheyenne Rain’s Patreon post called The Abuse Burrito. Here’s a quote from that:
“Understand that abusive people are often only abusive in one facet of their life- they can be upstanding members of the community in most other respects. The best burrito in the world just needs one bad ingredient to cause anaphylactic shock. Sometimes you won’t even know unless you’re a few bites in.”
So with the understanding that it happens, and that it isn’t always easy to spot, here is a narrative describing things to watch for, followed by a few action items.
Triggering Content Warning: Sexual Harassment , Emotional Abuse, and Sexual Abuse
What follows is a basic description of how a missing stair situation might play out in the live action role playing community. It merges recurring themes from a number of victim stories from multiple countries and is not a personal retelling. Nor is it intended to represent any single individual. The victim is not gendered because they could be any or no gender. The missing stair has been gendered male because they are far more likely to primarily identify as male. If the missing stair depicted sounds like someone you know, you should look more closely at why.
Let’s say you are brand new to larping. You are nervous. You’ve never done anything quite like this. It’s exciting. You don’t know many if any other people who larp. You are a bit socially awkward, but this looks really cool and you really love the genre so off you go to your first event.
The beginning is subtle. An experienced Dashing Hero joins your rather new adventuring party on a quest and helps save the day through awesome roleplaying and/or combat skills. The Dashing Hero is dressed impeccably, has impressive personal props, and clearly adds a lot to the game. He compliments your character and you and your less experienced friends are thrilled to be able to count on him whenever you need help against the forces of darkness. He welcomes you out of character after the event, and connects with you on social media as well. There is nothing wrong about any of that. It is absolutely a wonderful thing when experienced larpers do those things. Not every Dashing Hero has entirely pure motives. They are often very kind to new players while evaluating them.
The Dashing Hero is very good at helping the community out of game as well. He does a lot behind the scenes and makes himself indispensable to plots, takes on extra responsibilities, and might even staff or run some events. He ingratiates himself to the community on purpose so that it is extremely difficult to picture the game without him being there. Losing his participation would feel devastating to a lot of people.
It might happen right away, take a few events, or even years, yet one day you get to do some high-quality roleplaying one on one with the Dashing Hero and it’s incredibly fun. You feel special because he really enjoyed it as well. WooHoo! There might be a little physical contact like an arm around your shoulder, hugs, or something else super friendly because that’s okay we’re friends, right? That last bit was unexpected and felt a bit awkward, yet you don’t want to offend Mr. Dashing Hero so of course it is okay, why wouldn’t it be?
This guy pushes at physical, emotional, and sexual boundaries. He moves the goal posts as his targeted prey becomes desensitized and normalizes his overly-friendly behaviors.
You get invited to things out of game as part of a group or otherwise. You are asked to be part of another game he’s involved in, a convention, or something else that sounds fun. More physical stuff happens, and sometimes it seems romantic or sexually charged. It becomes the norm for him to get very close and physically affectionate; he says that’s how his is with all his friends. You observe that with others. If it bothers someone he stops. You find it unsettling personally, yet are glad he is comfortable with you because you want to be a part of his friend group. It seems amazing that this guy has taken an interest and is mentoring you and looks forward to spending more time with you. The Dashing Hero says you have great potential. He points out some things you could improve, and he is willing to help you with them. You like that he pushes you to do more, try new things, and push past your boundaries in character and in real life. You feel like you are growing as a person. Getting involved with the larp community was one of the best decisions of your life and you love feeling like part of the in crowd, his crowd.
He uses double-edged compliments to make you feel like you are less competent and flawed, yet that he will be your guide to becoming better. He uses the acceptance of others as subtle peer-pressure that he can be trusted.
You chat with another player online between events and hear that someone had a problem with the Dashing Hero and complained to staff. It doesn’t really sound like him given your experiences and you figure it was a misunderstanding. You defend him to the other person. If it had been anything serious he’d have been asked to leave, right? Nobody has the details since it was a sensitive matter and the other person left the game. Since you are friends, you ask him. He explains how things got a little intense in character and the other player had some issues he didn’t know about so his actions were inadvertently triggering. Of course he would never do anything to cause someone that kind of distress. He hopes they are going to be okay. He tells you honestly in confidence that things like that have happened to him before, that a lot of people just don’t get him or appreciate how passionately he gets into his characters. Sometimes he feels unwelcome at games (it is very possible he has been banned from one or more, yet he downplays it). You like that he feels comfortable confiding in you. You give him a hug and tell him how much you enjoy seeing him at games and that you believe he’s a good person.
All of the above can be part of a grooming process where a Despicable Human prepares others to be his defenders, prey, or character witnesses. Lots of people never see any truly concerning behaviors, and they are quick to defend the Dashing Hero who invests so much and always goes the extra mile for the community. They want to play games that he helps to run or go to new games in a group with shared backgrounds with him. They continue spending time with him in game and otherwise because he’s a great guy. That’s all they have ever seen.
Sometimes the Despicable Human is uncomfortably flirty in-game and otherwise. That’s just who he is. He always sincerely apologizes if a boundary gets crossed and someone calls him on it. He didn’t know or didn’t mean to, of course. It’s just who he is. He has been talked to, he knows, it is deliberate because he gets a high from making you uncomfortable. It was all in-character and maybe he got carried away. He might check-in to clarify if you’re okay with something and consider it consent to press further. Again, the goal posts move. He thought you were signaling that you wanted to be touched that way, firmly held, kissed, backed into a corner, etc for the thrill of the experience in a safe environment (no, it really isn’t safe). Things like that happen at games a lot; didn’t you know? Some part of you may have wanted it, yet you’d had no intent to pursue it. Or did you? You aren’t certain; maybe you did send mixed signals. You feel a bit shaken. He apologizes for the misunderstanding and says he will try to check in with you better next time.
The Despicable Human has likely physically and/or sexually assaulted their prey and even if he refrained from well defined criminal acts was tantalizingly aware of his prey’s discomfort. He used his longer game experience to help him gaslight his victim into doubting their role in what happened. There were no witnesses. There will be no report. He is so well-liked he is certain the important people would believe him anyway.
You later inquire about the relationship he is in, and he makes it clear that his partner is okay with things happening in-character and/or with friends yet they don’t want to know details. They are both very open and progressive you see. He acts like it’s a maturity thing and oh, he understands if you’re weirded out by it because it is different. You are so mature (he might be older or younger), but if you’re not prepared for more adult situations that’s okay. You wonder if you do want something else from him, because he still seems pretty awesome and is not pressuring you at all. You don’t want to say anything disparaging about him or report what felt like inappropriate behavior because he is so much more important to the game and you feel a bit responsible for what happened. He’s had enough misunderstandings go badly and you don’t want to make things worse. It’s confusing and you pull back from him, at least for a while.
Again we see how being firmly integrated into the community helps protect the Despicable Human. His victim does not want to stop playing the game, and does not want to be isolated from the in crowd, so says nothing to anyone else.
For some prey that’s the end of it. You don’t want to talk about it. Things are awkward, yet you move on and do what you can to avoid him.
Others still want to roleplay with his dashing persona, and keep up an in game friendship and continue with various mutual plotliness. Flirting is still fun, and he seems to understand to keep it in game and lower key. You don’t talk as much otherwise. He makes romantic gestures to your character and verifies that you are okay with them, keeping it very courtly. He is super charming and entirely respectful even when it is only the two of you. You get more comfortable with that. You’ve even missed that and are glad he is not upset about your earlier reactions. The Despicable Human expresses how natural it would be for your characters to be more intimately involved and you agree that it would make sense based on how your stories have intertwined. He talks about how amazing it can be to have sex in character. He asks you what seem to be theoretical questions about how your character would feel about intimacy with his. It’s getting late and you’re tired and take it all as an interesting thought exercise for helping his character treat yours as a partner in game. He acts on that as though it were consent for things to proceed physically. Maybe the Despicable Human misunderstood, again, or maybe he heard what he wanted to hear to pretend he misunderstood. You feel a wide range of emotions, including disgust, and are very unsettled. You did not want him to do those things. You are not sure what can be done about it. You are in shock, and as much as it replays in your mind you still feel like it was in part your fault.
The Despicable Human has at the least sexually harassed and assaulted his victim. There were no witnesses. There might or might not be a report.
You may or may not consent, in character or otherwise, to greater degrees of intimacy with the Despicable Human who has set you and numerous others up to be satisfying conquests. It could become fully consensual, even an official relationship that lasts years. When it ends you feel like you can’t really talk about anything that hurt you. You enjoyed a lot of it and didn’t say no. You felt stuck when it began to feel wrong again. You may still defend him if he convinced you that the reasons it didn’t work were your fault. If you keep it from going any further you might say nothing because you still contributed to the process. You may feel ashamed. You do not think anyone would believe you.
Despicable Humans do pursue official relationships. Sometimes they have open marriages, sometimes they claim to but it is a lie. Marriage lends them credibility, especially if their spouse is also a well-loved member of the game community. It is not unusual for them to have a history of failed relationships. Again, many things are referred to as unfortunate misunderstandings.
You talk about it discreetly with friends a few years later. You don’t mention names at first. You realize the Despicable Human has negatively affected a lot of people. It feels too late to act on it. You think it is possible he has changed (he hasn’t). Why ruin things now when he is even more integral to the community? Though it’s awkward to share plots with him and you feel better when he misses an event, you no longer feel at risk. He has moved on, so have you. You worry a bit about the teenagers who look like adults or barely are, and might tell them to be careful. It might be too late because the trust-building process has already started even if he won’t touch them inappropriately for another year or so.
This is where the term missing stair fully comes into play. Victims and their friends do what they can to enjoy the game while working around the Despicable Human problem. They warn others and try to avoid too much interaction with him. Those who run games may have had reports about him, yet found them inconclusive enough that a few conversations with him from time to time seems sufficient action.
It doesn’t have to be that way. There are games with policies in place to deal with predatory behaviors, harassment, and abuse. The Dashing Hero/Despicable Human can instead be forced to play the role of a Disinvited Harasser or be otherwise banned. It doesn’t need to be a huge public thing that divides a community. A game runner can simply tell him not to return because there are valid concerns. Whether the disinvitation will be temporary or permanent may depend on the circumstances.
What You Can Do About It
As a New Player:
1. Be aware that larping can enable both the best and the worst in people. Try not to confuse the character with the real-life individual. Anyone can pretend to be a paladin to gain your trust. Even in out-of-game circumstances before and after events you are only seeing a small part of who someone is.
2. There is safety in numbers. Proceed very cautiously about being alone with anyone right away. Intense experiences alone can be bonding. Get to know the game and the people in more public and well lit areas of the site until you comfortably know your way around and have made some connections.
As a Victim:
1. Stay safe. Don’t be alone again with someone you feel has acted like a Despicable Human. You don’t even need to talk to him. Yes, sometimes this means leaving a game environment, hopefully only temporarily.
2. Tell someone. Tell a trusted friend whether it is another larper or not. Hopefully your game has someone you can bring private concerns to without fear of a negative reprisal. Don’t keep it all in, it wasn’t your fault and you should not feel shame from someone else’s actions hurting you emotionally or otherwise. You are not alone.
3. Consider reporting it officially through procedures that exist at your game and/or to local authorities if he committed a crime. You may want to talk it through and document it with a supportive friend or therapist. While you do not have to do this, and outcomes do vary, it may be a critical step towards getting a Despicable Human out of the game you love for your protection and that of others.
As a Bystander:
1. Get to know the harassment policies of the games you play. If they seem weak or ineffective, talk to whoever is running the game about having them modified. Think through what you might do and what options you might need if you were assaulted in any way at a game and help make sure that the games you play will be supportive. Be prepared to help a victim document and report a problem to staff or local authorities if necessary, and let others know you are willing to do so.
2. If you see something, say something. If you see a Dashing Hero or suspected Despicable Human interacting a lot with a person who might be vulnerable, regardless of age, check in with the potential victim and make sure they were comfortable with the interactions. Verify that they are aware of any procedures to take if it was or becomes uncomfortable or threatening. If you have a bad feeling that the potential victim is at risk yet already in the sway of the Dashing Hero, consider bringing the potential risk to the attention of a staff member.
As a Game Owner and/or Runner:
1. Statistically you will serve your game best by believing allegations have merit. The odds of several players coming forward and reporting a charismatic and well-liked person falsely are low. They simply want to play the game and feel/be safe. It takes a lot of courage to say anything, even anonymously, so if you run a game and get reports of distressing behavior, please don’t press for a lot of specific details or tell them they have to file a police report or you won’t do anything. Consider having a designated ombudsperson separate from your directors and gms who can be discreetly contacted for an investigation during or outside of an event.
2. Take action. Enforce your policies firmly. This isn’t a courtroom, this is friends looking out for each other and your business should be erring on the side of safety for all. We don’t want Despicable Humans preying on others at any games, no matter how much they may have contributed positively. If you have Disinvited Harassers, point them at educational resources or recommend appropriate counseling. Consider sharing a list of disinvited individuals with other games if they request it.
“I believe you. I’m sorry. It wasn’t your fault. You are not alone.”
Those words have been spoken and typed a lot lately.
Let’s do what we can to proactively change things.
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